Health Literacy Essay Example for Free

Wellbeing Literacy Essay I. Foundation Child wellbeing is a fundamental marker of the personal satisfaction in creating nations. Mothers’ education is regularly emphatically connected with improved kid wellbeing and nourishing status (Glewwe, 1999). The ownership of education expands the capacity of a mother or a family to gain more information. Upgrades in youngster wellbeing are considered as the outcomes of improved of mother’s information. To put it plainly, proficiency influences wellbeing, and wellbeing influences instructive accomplishment (Grosse, 1989). Since the relationship between's proficiency, wellbeing, riches and prosperity is getting progressively significant, it is critical to incorporate wellbeing education as abilities required for a grown-up ‘to function’ in a network (Kickbusch, 2001). Wellbeing education has been perceived as a key result proportion of wellbeing advancement intercessions (Nutbeam, 1996). It very well may be sorted as essential/practical wellbeing education, informative/intuitive wellbeing proficiency and basic proficiency. Each level has distinctive ‘autonomy and individual empowerment’. Singular consideration is centered around building up the aptitudes and certainty to settle on decisions that improve singular wellbeing results (Nutbeam, 2000). As the most elevated level, basic education in a perfect world will be accomplished in which individuals have this ability to look for data, evaluate the dependability of that data and utilize that data to have a superior command over their wellbeing determinants (Nutbeam and Renkert, 2001). Following this wellbeing proficiency idea, Nutbeam and Renkert (2001) characterize mother’s wellbeing education as ‘the intellectual and social aptitudes which decide the inspiration and capacity of ladies to access, comprehend and utilize the data in manners that advance and keep up their wellbeing and that of their children’. Regarding education, Indonesia has a moderately high of proficiency pace of 90% (UNICEF, 2007). In any case, individuals with satisfactory education for managing withâ familiar ideas and practices, for example, family the executives can find an impressive trouble to comprehend new issues, for example, human services data (Kalichman and Rompa, 2000). For moms, wellbeing proficiency abilities are significant factors in anticipating kid wellbeing results. Indonesia as a creating nation despite everything faces numerous kid medical issues. Baby, neonatal and under-5 death rate was moderately high (26, 17 and 34 for each 1000 live births, separately) in 2006. Youngster vaccination inclusion is still impressively low with measles inclusion of 66. 2%, MCV (80%), DPT (75%) and hepatitis (74%) among one-year-olds (WHO, 2009). Numerous examinations show that low proficiency is connected with a few antagonistic wellbeing results (DeWalt, 2004). One of the approaches to improve youngster wellbeing is likely by improving mother’s wellbeing education. Numerous ongoing investigations have analyzed the effect of mother’s wellbeing proficiency on youngster wellbeing (Sandiford, 1995). In any case, there are hardly any investigations concentrated on the boundaries to mother’s wellbeing proficiency. This examination will explore hindrances are there to improve mother’s wellbeing education on youngster wellbeing and discover arrangements may beat the obstructions. II. Goals 1. To research the degree of mother’s wellbeing proficiency in region of Aceh (useful, intelligent or basic wellbeing education of moms toward youngster social insurance, investment in kid care program in towns or sub areas, wellbeing looking for practices, endeavors to access wellbeing administrations). 2. To investigate what boundaries are there to improve mother’s wellbeing education on youngster wellbeing 3. To assess arrangements that may conquer the boundaries so as to upgrade mother’s wellbeing proficiency. 4. To make a model of mediation to improve maternal wellbeing education III. Procedure This examination will be directed in quantitative and subjective techniques. The quantitative strategies will explore the information about the mothers’ utilitarian, intuitive and basic wellbeing proficiency toward the kid medicinal services, the use of essential social insurance by moms regarding wellbeing looking for conduct, kid inoculation inclusion and checking of children’s dietary status. The information will be gathered by utilizing organized surveys. The practical proficiency will utilize the organized surveys of Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) (Baker, 1999) and Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) (Bass, 2003) while the intuitive and basic wellbeing education polls will be planned by adjusting the current investigates that investigation of maternal wellbeing education. At that point, the outcomes will be arranged by scoring into Inadequate, Marginal and Adequate wellbeing proficiency. Before the survey is utilized for the examination, the legitimacy and dependability tests will be performed. In the subjective stage, I will direct close to home meetings and center gathering conversations to discover the boundaries and answers for improve maternal wellbeing education. Semi-organized individual meetings will be utilized for moms and social insurance staff (doctors, medical caretakers and birthing specialists) from towns and sub-region wellbeing administrations. Respondents will be talked with separately and protection will be kept up during the meeting. For center gathering conversations, they will be purposively chosen to guarantee the most extreme variety to guarantee a decent variety of perspectives about obstructions to improve mothers’ wellbeing proficiency inside the example. For each gathering, beginning contact will be made by a watchman, for example, co-ordinator of town mother’s affiliation, spouse of head of town and town birthing assistant. All gatherings will be encouraged by the specialist, recorded with the participants’ consent and will be completely deciphered. Inspecting system Member will be enlisted from ladies who have youngsters (more youthful or more established kids) in unique topographical regions (social/social/ethnic blend) to search for relevant contrast and from various degree of training (no instruction, essential, progressed and advanced education). The example will be selected purposively from the populace information of division of wellbeing in Aceh. Ladies who are eager to partake, talk either Indonesia or Acehnese, and are expressive will be purposively chosen for the subjective investigation. For the quantitative examination, respondents will be chosen utilizing the multi-stage irregular inspecting technique. All respondent chose will be guaranteed that support is intentional. Information examination The recorded meetings will be deciphered in exactly the same words into the language of the meeting (Bahasa Indonesia, however Acehnese will be utilized the same number of individuals in rustic territories can't talk bahasa) and afterward converted into English. Classifications for investigation of information will be distinguished toward the start. The transcripts will be broke down and dispensed from each subject to different classes. Information will at that point be broke down as per these classifications. The quantitative information will be analized utilizing SPSS factual programming variant 19. 0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, Ill). IV. Criticalness Indonesia is a creating nation with a populace of almost 250 million. Low proficiency and high fruitfulness combined with poor economy converts into high horribleness and mortality. Ladies and kids are the most defenseless portions as far as wellbeing. It is critical to improve maternal wellbeing proficiency and different components identified with wellbeing administrations so as to expand kid medicinal services. It is a multi segment program that includes many partners including wellbeing office, clinical training and network. It is significant for clinical instruction establishment to teach their graduations of wellbeing advancement and wellbeing training against the current pattern of clinical instruction that is bound to be a therapeudic and pro view. V. Others USA is a created nation and notable for its legitimate colleges particularly for general wellbeing subjects. Wellbeing framework in the US is not quite the same as Indonesia that will permit me to study wellbeing training particularly maternal wellbeing education in the US wellbeing framework. The venture will be directed in three years. The detail of course of events can be found in the table beneath. Table 1. The course of events of examination No| Years| Year 1| Year 2| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 1| Refine research question| | | 2| Preparation of proposal| | | 3| Literature survey and procedure the neighborhood and college moral issues| | | 4| Produce the examiners | | 5| Data collection| | | 6| Data analysis| | |. No| Years| Year 3| | MonthsTasks| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 6| Data investigation (continued)| | 8| Writing starting draft| | 9| Proof perusing | 10| Revision and hand in| | References Baker DW, Williams MV, Parker RM, Gazmararian JA, Nurss J. Advancement of a short test to quantify utilitarian wellbeing education. Understanding Education and Counseling. 1999, 38:33-42. Bass PF, Wilson JF, and Griffith CH. A Shortened Instrument for Literacy Screening. Diary of General Internal Medicine. 2003,18:1036-1038. Glewwe. P. For what reason does mother’s tutoring bring up kid wellbeing in creating nations? proof from Morocco. The Journal of Human Resources. 1999; 34 (1): 124 †159. Grosse R. N. Education and wellbeing status in creating provinces. Yearly Review Public Health. 1989; 34: 281 †97. Kickbusch I. S. Wellbeing proficiency: tending to the wellbeing and training partition. Wellbeing Promotion International. 2001; 16 (3): 289 †97. Nutbeam D. Accomplishing ‘best practiceâ€�

Fundamental Reason of Success for BX Shoes-Samples for Students

Question: Dissect the key explanation of accomplishment for BX Shoes. Asnwer: Presentation Overseeing coordinations is a huge part of gracefully chain the executives that guarantees fitting arranging, actualizing and controlling to push ahead adequately. The elements of coordinations the executives are directed so as to fulfill the need of the potential clients. Effective coordinations the executives guarantees the general achievement of the business along these lines, increasing upper hand for the associations and capacity to continue in the market. In this task, the key explanation of achievement for BX Shoes is dissected in contrast with other fruitful and ineffective associations. This task likewise features the plausible procedures of upper hand that brought about the accomplishment of BX Shoes alongside referencing the methods of utilizing the strategies by different associations for guaranteeing achievement. In addition, the idea of maintainability and its significance as far as BX Shoes are likewise examined. The principal purpose behind progress for BX Shoes in contrast with another fruitful and ineffective organization As indicated by the given contextual analysis, BX Shoes is an auxiliary of one of driving brands in India. The organization works in association with an Italian organization and fundamentally underlines on trading materials. As the association accentuated on money concentrated business activities, BX Shoes is a solid match for redistributing materials. The shoe organization has acquired misfortune at first that was amended by changing the business activities style. The loss of disappointment at first was recognized due to redistributing materials to different outsourcers. The incomes of the association fell dropped 20% in the third year contrasted with the incomes of the association in the subsequent year, that expanded by half. This was a time for testing for the association as the association was building up the business as opposed to making progress. After recognizing the explanation of the disappointment of the business, in the year 1999-2000, an organization between the BX and t he Italian accomplice was built up. From this time forward, development was seen for the association. As remarked by Sun and Lee (2013), joint endeavor or organization is characterized as the collaboration of at least two organizations in which every one of the accomplices consents to share the benefit, misfortune and control in a specific undertaking. The organization between the Italian accomplice and the BX tools worked like a joint endeavor that a not limited uniquely to the plan stage for the organizations. For instance, if ill-advised material is created, both the gatherings will at the same time handle the issues and attempt to defeat it. There are instances of fruitful joint endeavors for different business associations all through the world. The Chinese Chery Automobiles went into a joint endeavor with the British extravagance vehicle producers and the organization was named Chery Jaguar Land Rover Automotive Company. A plant was built up in Changshu in Shanghai. The head of the recently framed joint wandered organization said that both the organizations would work in close cooperation and accentuate on their capacities to deliver progressed and significant vehicle models for the Chinese clients. The joint endeavor permits the host organization to have a superior comprehension of the host nation because of the cooperation of the home organization. For this situation, the Chery Automobile had the option to give a top to bottom information about the desires and requests of the Chinese clients to the British organization. Subsequently, both the organizations had the option to choose and create business and operational methodologies for leading the business effectively. Thus, the BX Shoes and the Italian accomplice had concl uded that if ill-advised material is created both the accomplices will cooperate to determine the issue. The trust between the BX and the Italian accomplice is likewise a significant explanation behind the effective endeavor (H, 2017). Be that as it may, there are sure joint endeavors that have bombed pitiably because of resistance from both the accomplices. One such model was the disappointment joint endeavor between The Tiffany Co and Swatch Group. Both the associations set up a joint endeavor in 2007 to produce watches under the Tiffany brand. Be that as it may, in 2011, a contest emerged when the Swatch dropped the collaboration. As per the report, Tiffany was postponing the system of the joint endeavor that in the long run brought about the disappointment (BBC News, 2017). In regard to the gen contextual investigation, the explanation of disappointment between The Tiffany Co and the Swatch is the trouble. Such a trademark between the BX and the Italian accomplices was not seen and drilled that guaranteed an effective joint endeavor. Strategies of keeping up upper hand for BX Shoes An association has constrained monetary presence with no upper hand. In this way, the most significant objective for an association is to make upper hand so as to continue in the serious business advertise. As referenced by Campbell, Coff and Kryscynski (2012), having an upper hand implies more noteworthy client esteem offered by the association. This can be as far as lower costs of the items or guaranteeing more noteworthy assistance and advantages advocating the more significant expenses. As indicated by the given contextual analysis, BX Shoes and the Italian accomplice need to have an upper hand for directing the business effectively. There are noteworthy methods of keeping up an upper hand for the business associations. The business associations need to think about the inclinations, desires and requests as their highest need (Wagner III and Hollenbeck 2014). This is on the grounds that a business is just effective when it can keep up and satisfy with the changing patterns and requests of their objective clients. The business associations need to set their target that the clients are in every case right. For instance, in the event that the objective clients of the association are center gaining individuals, at that point the estimating of the item should be likewise. The business association will neglect to pull in their potential clients and sell the items on the off chance that they execute premium-estimating procedure. Consequently, in view of the pay of the objective clients, the associations need to execute their valuing methodology. Furthermore, the associations likewise need to remain adjusted with the requests of the clients alongside developing advances and government guidelines. Another method of keeping up upper hand is having something novel in their item fabricated and sold by the organization. There are various organizations directing business in a similar business segment. Subsequently, the clients have a wide scope of alternatives for purchasing a specific item. For instance, if the client isn't happy with the cost of a result of an organization, he may pick another organization selling the comparable item. This will bring about loss of potential clients for the organizations. In this way, the associations need to have inventive and extraordinary properties for drawing in the clients. For instance, one such inventive item was propelled by Apple was iPod. In the time of mp3 players, Apple propelled iPod that changed the desire and experience of the clients around the world. The organization was ready to pull in premium clients as well as clients from all salary foundation. Macintosh effectively propelled different models and limit of iPod for a wide ran ge of the client by fluctuating the cost of the item. Another huge method of increasing serious is by drawing in the clients on an opportune premise (Kirchmer 2012). The associations need to connect with the objective clients by actualizing new offers and advantages to the clients at a customary interim. The clients will be effectively exhausted and feel immersed on the off chance that they neglect to get drawing in offers and advantages from the association all the time. Along these lines, connecting with the clients is an enormous upper hand for the associations. Appropriateness of the upper hand of BX Shoes for different organizations After the joint endeavor of BX Shoes with the Italian accomplice, the shared association increased an upper hand that helped them make due in the market. The Italian accomplice and the BX Shoes increased an upper hand by redistributing the items as indicated by the necessities. Having enough and adequate capital for maintaining a business is one of the most noteworthy parts. The way that the Italian accomplice for the BX was monetarily solid was a solid upper hand for the association. BxX chose the re-appropriated for them dependent on the associations monetarily soundness and quality. As per Meihami and Meihami (2014), the budgetary solidness of the association offers help and certainty for maintaining the business. This was a significant upper hand for BX Shoes. This purpose of increasing upper hand can be utilized other association so as to maintain the business effectively. Vulnerability in business is generally experienced by the associations. This is because of progress in the current market, the worldwide economy and the interest of the clients. Hence, having satisfactory and adequate capital encourages the business associations to withstand any conditions. For instance, the money related steadiness of the Italian accomplice gives an upper hand to the BX Shoes, as the association can adapt up to the requests of the business in another nation without any problem. The business directed by the BX and the Italian accomplice is profoundly liquidated concentrated. BX Shoes were the best fit for the outsourcers prerequisite. In the matter of import and fare, there lie innate issues, for example, obtainment of the calfskin and the nature of the item that is decided toward the end. Along these lines, so as to diminish the vulnerabilities of the business a provider association approach for the business was favored by the association. This gave an upper hand to the associations, as both the standard

When Alcoholic Liver Disease Hits Close to Home

When Alcoholic Liver Disease Hits Close to Home Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Print Alcoholic Liver Disease: One Mans Story He Just Couldnt Stop, No Matter What By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 07, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 06, 2018 GSO Images Collection/Photographers Choice RF/Getty images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Personal Stories Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use He knew the only way to save his life was to quit drinking, but he just couldnt stop, no matter how hard he tried. His name was Bobby. He wasnt my best friend; he was more like everybodys best friend. Everybody enjoyed his company, his sense of humor and his incessant teasing. I dont remember anyone who disliked Bobby. He was one of those people that you immediately felt comfortable around. Everybody Loved Bobby. I dont ever remember seeing Bobby drunk, but I never saw him sober either. You may know what I mean: he could drink all day and you could never tell it by the way he looked, acted or talked. I suppose that was because he drank constantly. Nobody could tell the difference. It was more likely due to the fact that he had built up such a tolerance to alcohol and it no longer had any outward effects on his behavior. Quit Are You Are Going to Die On the way to work in the mornings, he would pull into the backyard of one of his friends, pop the trunk, get his fifth of whiskey and take a long swig right out of the bottle. Hed get back into the car and drive off to work. Every morning. Thats when he was still able to work. When he began having health problems, the doctor immediately diagnosed him with cirrhosis of the liver, a type of alcoholic liver disease. They told him to quit drinking or he was going to die.? Jaundiced and Still Drinking God knows he tried to quit. He tried to work the 12-step program again and again, and saw the inside of more than one alcohol treatment center. After 28 days of no alcohol, a balanced diet, and megadoses of vitamins, Bobby would feel a lot better. Hed celebrate by having a drink --the minute he was released. Later came the medical hospitals. When jaundice set in he was forced into having a complete blood transfusion, which helped for a while. Six weeks later, Bobby would be back needing another transfusion. He Swore He Was Not Drinking After his second trip to the hospital and second transfusion, Bobby came to me looking for work. Hed been fired from every auto dealership and mobile home lot in town at least once and had few options. Since he swore to me he was not drinking - and because with his great personality he was a great salesman - I got him a position in our sales department. He seemed to be doing a lot better. One morning a few weeks later I was at work before anyone else. I was upstairs in the break room fixing a pot of decaf and glanced out the window to see Bobby pull into the back alley parking area. He got out of the car, popped the trunk, got his bottle and turned it up. Nothing had changed. He was just trying to hide it now, even from his oldest friends. It is painful to watch someone you care about continue to drink when they know it is killing them. Saying Goodbye to a Friend The last time I saw Bobby he was in the hospital again. His skin was completely yellow and his eyes were sunken into his head. Bobby, you need to hurry up and get out of this place, I want to go fishing! I told my friend of more than 30 years. Then I placed my hand on his weary head and told him I loved him and God loved him too. I knew I was saying goodbye. When I left the room I called all of his old friends: If you want to see Bobby again, you better get on over to the hospital. Quickly. Most of them were able to get there in time. They buried him four days later. He was in his mid-40s. Survivors included a four-year-old daughter. Too Much Alcohol for Far Too Long For Bobby, there was just too much alcohol for far too long for his liver to remain healthy. An estimated 25,000 people a year die as a result of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol abuse can cause a condition called fatty liver or another called alcoholic hepatitis -- both of which can be treated, but only if alcohol consumption is stopped. If drinking continues, these conditions will cause cirrhosis of the liver. Hardening of the Liver What happens is the liver begins to harden. Scar tissue develops in the bodys largest internal organ which hinders its ability to filter blood. When the scar tissue develops to a certain point, the liver can no longer do its work. The problem is the liver performs more than 1,500 functions for the body, including more than 300 that are believed to be life-saving procedures. If the liver stops doing its job, all kinds of health problems develop quickly and death can come rapidly. Functions of a Healthy Liver The liver detoxifies poisons, both those produced by the body and those from outside; filters bacteria from the blood; regulates fat metabolism; stores and manufactures vitamins; regulates and manufactures cholesterol and fats; synthesizes proteins; maintains the bodys water and salt balance; secretes bile for the digestion of fat; stores energy (in the form of glycogen) helps regulate overall body metabolism; transforms the highly toxic ammonia (produced by exercise and by metabolism of proteins) into urea which is eliminated in the urine; manufactures lipoproteins for fat and cholesterol transport; and metabolizes alcohol. If the liver stops doing any of these jobs, or numerous others it does constantly, the result can be fatal.

My Family My Dad - 960 Words

Both my parents were born in Burundi. My dad is from in a place call Mucibitoke, and my Mom is from Bujumbura. My parents got together when they were young. But however, they didn’t get married till two years ago. My mom started living with my dad when she was 15 years old, and they are ten years apart. After getting together in mid 70, the genocide breaks up in Burundi. That’s when they fled the country and went in Rwanda where they live for more than ten years. Then, they started having children. My parents had total of 10 children but 2 first born passed away. Both my parents are Christians, and both my uncles and cousins as far as I know. Growing up, I understood what it meant to be a fallow of Christ; I grew up depending on God in all. My mom has been influenced me in a lots positive way. In everything she ever done, she did them to the glory of God. Example, when my mom is about to consume food, she prays, thank God and ask for blessings every time. When she is do ne, she does the same thing. Whether is getting in a vehicle or getting out, God must be first. Sleeping or woken up, God must come first. Growing seeing all this things really tough me well. I knew God is in central of all things. Whether is in school or outside of the school, my mom told me that God comes first before everything. I am now proud to say that I found it true. In 1 Corinthians 10:31 says, â€Å"So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God.† Although my momShow MoreRelatedMy Family Is My Dad896 Words   |  4 Pages Within my family there is my dad, my mom, my older brother Michael, my younger brother Evan, and I. Michael was the first child, my parents full of hope for him, and was set out to be the prodigal son. However, as most first children went my parents were totally new to children so they had a few hiccups. He eventually grew to the point where he couldn t be changed. My parents already thought of this and had me. W hereas Michael was a easy baby and child presenting few problems, probably why theyRead MoreMy Family, My Dad Essay2554 Words   |  11 PagesMy immediate family is rather small, it consists of my Dad age 55, my Mom age 60 and myself age 21. All three of us are Caucasian. My Mom and Dad got married when they were much older, and they did not have me until they were 40 years of age. They are a little more traditional and they each take on their own roles in the family along with myself. My mother works Monday to Friday however she is the one who cooks the meals every evening, the one who cleans the house, does laundry and does the groceryRead MoreMy Family : My Dad867 Words   |  4 Pages My family isnt perfect. We argue, we fight, we even stop talking to each other at times, but in the end my family is my family. The love will always be there. Me and my family have always had our ups and downs. Even though we all struggle, I’ll always need them in my life. 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He never needed special UV protection shirts until now, until he started chemo. The doctor warned him to protect himself from the sun as much as possible. I didn’t even know UV protection shirts existed until I saw tons of them hanging up on display. My sister and I, being the more fashion friendly in the family, picked out a few shirts for my dad. He didn’t really careRead MoreMy Family : My Father s Dad1299 Words   |  6 PagesI only know my history through pictures of what I have seen. The only picture that I did not know was my father’s dad. My father’s dad pasted away before I was born. My mom as a kid went to church and so did my aunt. I haven’t really been in a church other than Christmas and Easter or when I used to visit my Aunt Karen. But she passed away too soon. Most are from family members I know. I grew up really close to my family. They helped me be who I am today because of how we interacted together andRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Dad And My Family1467 Words   |  6 PagesMy Own D.D.D. My dad and I had a pretty good relationship with each other. We even set up days that we would have a Daddy Daughter Date. I loved to go to those dates with him. We would get all dressed up, me in a fancy dress and him be in a suit and tie. We would always go to a sushi restaurant, because that is the type of food that I loved to eat the most then. He didn’t like sushi as much as me, but for me, he would take us there, every time. After we ate a very fancy dinner, we would hop backRead MoreMy Favorite Vacation Of My Dads Family : My Dad718 Words   |  3 Pagesthere is always one that stands out as my favorite. That vacation was my annual Tafel family beach vacation. This is when everyone from my dad’s family who is one of six rents four separate houses in Stone Harbor New Jersey. We have been keeping up with this tradition since before I was born. Although in the earlier years they use to all just pack into one house but as the family grew they decided it was best to branch out. This vacation stands out to me as my favorite because other than ChristmasRead More Changing Roles Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pagescontemporary American family is one that shows a picture perfect lifestyle of happiness and normalcy, but this normalcy can be challenged by anything. The present war our country is engaged in is one factor that has changed the lives of many families since it began. Husbands, sons, and sometimes even mothers and daughters are leaving their homes to fight in the war with Iraq. If the traditional American family consists of a husband, wife, and two or more children living in suburbia, my family could once haveRead MoreDescriptive Essay About My Dad1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is always there for you when you need them? I did, I called him my dad. My dad was the only person that could make me laugh when I was feeling down. My dad was that person who had so much love for his family. My dad was the person who I could call and hed always pick u p. My dad was the person who would drop everything just to help me. My dad was the biggest hero in my life and to this day, still is. My dad has always been my biggest motivator and the reason for growing up the way I did. We had

Advantages of Wind Power - 1724 Words

| | | ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER: | | | 1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. 2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. 3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue. 4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape. 5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply. 6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third world. 7. Wind turbines are†¦show more content†¦Advantages: * Wind energy is friendly to the surrounding environment, as no fossil fuels are burnt to generate electricity from wind energy. * Wind turbines take up less space than the average power station. Windmills only have to occupy a few square meters for the base, this allows the land around the turbine to be used for many purposes, for example agriculture. * Newer technologies are making the extraction of wind energy much more efficient. The wind is free, and we are able to cash in on this free source of energy. * Wind turbines are a great resource to generate energy in remote locations, such as mountain communities and remote countryside. Wind turbines can be a range of different sizes in order to support varying population levels. * Another advantage of wind energy is that when combined with solar electricity, this energy source is great for developed and developing countries to provide a steady, reliable supply of electric ity. Advantages One of the greatest advantages of Wind Energy is that it is ample. Secondly, wind energy is renewable. Some other advantages of Wind Energy are that it is widely distributed, cheap, and also reducing toxic gas emissions. 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Wind energy has the potential to become the base of sustainable energy for America’s future. Although there are a few disadvantages to wind energy, the protection it offers along with the economical and environmental advantages provide many reasons to use more wind energy and less coal and fossil fuels in America. Wind energy can build a safeguard for the United States to protect us from outside adversity and harm. Increasing the number of wind turbines will help the country

The Baby Boomers Have Squandered Their Children’s Future Free Essays

THE BABY BOOMERS HAVE SQUANDERED THEIR CHILDREN’S FUTURE We should protect ourselves from the self centred attitude of the elderly. A generation that have ‘pulled the ladder they climbed up after them’, intending to prevent youth from attaining the merits of their own yesteryears. I am painting the picture of intergenerational fairness – a product of blame and a constant of culture designed to justify the impeding nature of society today. We will write a custom essay sample on The Baby Boomers Have Squandered Their Children’s Future or any similar topic only for you Order Now This vociferous claim is stifling nations as the desire to classify a diagnosis implants the division of ages through a unjustified mood. The baby boomer generation filled the hole opened by the wounded and dead, supplied a new workforce and bolstered prosperity, developing consumerist nations. A 1958 story in Life magazine declared that â€Å"kids† were a â€Å"built-in recession cure. † Whilst the thousands of men who returned infertile are denied scrutiny, despite declining fertility rates, aiding an ageing generation and contributing a diminutive amount to society. To destroy the idyllic past is the recollection of rationing, utility clothing, national service and events such as the Vietnam war. Can dwindling resources, debt or the enevitable issues of over population really be placed on these elders’ shoulders? Especially as, since October those over 65 are allowed to remain in occupations, so state reliance beforehand is free from their influence, just poor government prediction. Opposition then utter words of stunted growth. However the labour market is dynamic, not static – mature workers continue to pay taxes, fuelling the wealth that will expand employment, providing those opportunities for the young. In the UK university attendance has increased by 40%, the literacy rate is 99%, minimum wage will increase to ? . 31, we face higher life expectancy, and greater affluence as wealth is expected to double by 2050. Is this prospectus so detrimental or terminal? Since when has spending equalled squander? It merely stimulates the monetary cycle of the economy. The end of the post war economic boom, arrived from the collapse of the Bretton Woods System in 1971,th e 1973 oil crisis and The Nixon shock causing the stock market crash. It is the traditional conservative government that now promotes that each generation has a moral obligation, acting as a trustee and beneficiary, moving attention towards insubstantial social issues. But western society is not expected to evaluate through ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation as it tends to distort conceptions, this can be applied to age. It is vital to consider that one single group, circumstance or historical event has ever been solely to blame. There is always a collective of responsibilities and actions, therefore to burden the baby boomer’s would be naive and childish. An ideological obsession has formed causing the propagation of every single inequality and injustice between generations. A western, educated, modern society judging averages, demonising the elderly rather than adapting and extending change. How to cite The Baby Boomers Have Squandered Their Children’s Future, Papers

Administration of Contracts in Business Law

Question: Discuss about theAdministration of Contracts in Business Law. Answer: Abstract Two parties may decide to form an agreement in concern for their business. And for that reason, each of them will leave saying that they have a deal. However, the law differentiates between enforceable agreements from mere promises. When parties present themselves to the court alleging that one of them refused to perform according to their agreements, the court looks at their promises and check whether all the elements of agreement exist. If they exist, then the court will enforce such agreement. Keywords: Enforceability, Offer, Acceptance, Consideration Administration of Contracts in Business Law Contract law supervises people in the administration of their promises. It is necessary to recognize that not all agreements that people form are enforceable in the eyes of the law. For a court to enforce a deal, it must look for the presence the elements of an agreement. If all of them exist, then the court will proceed to force the parties to perform their obligations. As an illustration, this paper will analyze a case between Peter and Brett (Nephew) and decide whether there is an enforceable agreements of not. Presumption to Create Legal Relation The explanation whether the uncle/nephew relationship has any effect on whether or not there is a binding agreement is a matter of presumption applied to cases of social and domestic agreements. When looking at these agreements, their enforceability dwells on their subject matter as opposed to the parties relationship. In most cases, agreements originating from a business setting have a presumption that the parties intended to create a legal relationship (Koffman, Atkins, 2014). The rule doesnt even apply to domestic relationship, but also to any commercial context where free gifts are offered as in (Esso Petroleum Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Excise, 1976) Concerning family cases, a good example of the application of a binding agreement between relatives is in (Parker v Clarke, 1960). This case involved elderly relatives convincing a young couple to dispose their house and relocate with them. The elderly relatives promised them that they would give the young couple a share in their house in return. However, their relationship fell out, and the elderly couple dismissed the young couple. When the matter went to the court, the court rebutted the presumption given to the domestic agreements and held that the agreement was enforceable. Similarly, in the case of (Merritt v Merritt, 1970) the court rebutted the presumption both the husband and wife in had no intention to form a legal relationship in their agreement. So like this case, Brett should not assume that the court will be blinded by the fact that he was contracting with his uncle. The court will look at the subject matter of the agreement which is the sale of a car.' Acceptance by Conduct The law of contract dismisses any thought that the acceptance can occur by the silence from the offeree. On the other side, it also explains to what extent a silence can indicate a sign of acceptance. However, it's not a silence as such. It's a situation where the offeree's conduct demonstrates an acceptance of an offer. For instance, in (Brogden v. Metropolitan Railway Co, 1877), the court held that the plaintiff accepted the offer the moment he made the amendments and sent the draft to the defendant. Also, the court traced a sign of acceptance by indicating that the actions of the parties demonstrated acceptance. That is, the plaintiff sent the coal after the agreement, and the defendant accepted the coal. Additionally, in (RTS Flexible Systems Ltd v Molkerei Alois Muller GmbH Co KG, 2010), the Supreme Court ruled that as far as the parties had carried out their obligations, it meant that they had accepted the terms of their agreement even though they had not signed it. The court went on clarifying that the parties conduct had shown that they had performed as if the contract draft applied, and they treated it as if it was already a contract. The same principles were applied to (Limited v Amphenol Limited, 2009) Tekdata bought some from Amphenol and indicated that it would be its and condition that would guide their contract. On the other side, Amphenol disputed those sentiments and said that Amphenol's terms and conditions would administer the agreement. Nevertheless, the parties continued with their normal trade until when the dispute emerged. In solving the dispute, the court of appeal held that Amphenol was the last to issue its terms, so its declarations would apply. These kind of judgments are more popular in cases where one party commences work before they agree to the terms of the contract. So like the mentioned cases, Peters terms would prevail. Validity of $500 as Consideration Consideration is a fundamental constituent of any enforceable contract. In English law, any contract without a consideration is treated as voidable. In other words, if one party promises another something without getting something in return, the law cannot enforce such a promise. A valuable explanation to consideration is in (Currie v Misa, 1875). The judge said consideration is, "some right, interest, profit, or benefit accruing to the one party, or some forbearance, detriment, loss, or responsibility, given, suffered or undertaken by the other" Also, the House of Lords described consideration as the "price that one to a contract pays for the promise or the performance of the other party," (Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge Co Ltd, 1915). Like offer, and acceptance, even consideration has some rules that attached to its validity. In (Turner, 2013), the book summarizes the rules of consideration into three principles; these are that "the consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate. The second rule is that past consideration would not be a useful consideration, and the third one is that consideration must come from the promise." In the concerned question, this paper will concentrate with the first principle. By stating that consideration must be sufficient but that it need not be adequate, this means that it requires that there should be an exchange of something of value but not something equivalent to whatever you received. In other words, there should be an existence of a bargain, though it doesn't have to be a good one. The same explanation was given in (Korunich v Holliday, 2013) where the court stated that a "good consideration does not need to have a value comparable to the promise." So considering t he explanations above, $500 is a valid consideration for a contract to sell the diesel motor car if the parties accept it. Unilateral Mistake If Brett tells Peter that he would challenge the validity of the contract due the fact that he entered into the contract thinking he was buying a diesel car, but Peter gave him a diesel car, then it would be a question of unilateral mistake. In (Emanuel, 2010), Emanuel explain that a unilateral mistake happens where one party to a contract is mistaken but and the other party is aware of the mistake. This mistake may happen to the concern of a fundamental term, or it can be the identification of one of the contracting parties. Notably, if a unilateral mistake happens due an error in the quality, such error would not invalidate the contract. For instance, in (Smith v Hughes, 1871) the court held that the contract was enforceable even though the plaintiff had made a mistake to the oats. On the other hand, if the mistake touches the requisite part of the contract, i.e a fundamental term of a contract, and the other party knows the mistake, this can render the contract voidable. For example, in (Hartog v Colin Shields, 1939) the judge ruled that the plaintiff was aware of the clerical mistake with the offer. As a result, the court dismissed the claim as it could not let the plaintiff benefit from of such a fundamental error. To clarify, the court ruled on behalf of the defendant stating that the plaintiff was supposed to consider that the defendant's intention wasn't to sell at such a low price. As for the case of Peter and Bett, the contract can be voidable due to a fundamental mistake. Conclusion The procedure for contract arrangement starts with one party presenting an offer, and the other one accepting. The acceptance can be in writing, oral or in conduct. Apart from offer and acceptance, a valid agreement must have consideration. There is no rule to what consideration should be. For example, $1 for a car would be an adequate consideration. References Koffman, L., Atkins, R. (2014). Koffman Macdonald's law of contract (8th ed., p. 79). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Miller, R. (2012). Fundamentals of business law (3rd ed., p. 154). Mason, Oh: South-Weston. Turner, C. (2013). Key facts and key cases (1st ed., p. 31). Routledge. Emanuel, S. (2010). Contracts (9th ed., p. 164). New York: Aspen Publishers. Cases Currie v Misa (1875) Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge Co Ltd (1915) Esso Petroleum Ltd v Commissioners of Customs and Excise (House of Lords 1976). Hartog v Colin Shields (1939) Korunich v Holliday (2013) Parker v Clark (1960). RTS Flexible Systems Ltd v Molkerei Alois Mller GmbH Co KG (2010) Smith v Hughes (1871) Tekdata Interconnections Limited v Amphenol Limited (2009)

Bibliography Essays (801 words) - Science And Technology In France

Bibliography http://hypatiamaze.org/curiforkids/curie_kids.html http://www.biography.com/people/marie-curie-9263538?page=1 Marie Curie by Vicki Cobb Marie Curie Chemistry September 17, 2012 6 th Period Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowski November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. Marie Curie was born to both parents being school teachers that had high expectations of their five children. When Marie was nine years old, her mother died of tuberculosis. To help with the family's expenses, the Sklodowskis took in student boarders. Along with all of her brothers and sisters, Marie graduated with the highest grades in her class. However, Marie could not attend the men-only University of Warsaw. To continue her studies, Marie attended a "floating university" that held informal classes. Marie and her sister Bronya wanted to expand their knowledge and earn an official degree, but they weren't financially able to do so. The sisters worked out a deal that consisted of Marie working to support Bronya while she was in school , and then Bronya would do the same for Marie after she finished her studies. Marie worked as a tutor and governess for about five years. I n her spare time, she studied and read about chemistry, physics and math. In 1891, Marie moved to Paris and enrolled at the Sorbonne (University of Paris). Marie was dedicated to her studies; however, she had very little money and survived on bread and tea. In 1893, Marie completed her master's degree in physics and earned a degree in mathematics the next year. In the same year, Marie was asked to do a study on various types of steel and their properties. She needed a lab to work in and someone introduced her to a French physicist, Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were a brilliant pair that soon developed feelings for one another. The two scientists were both dedicated and devoted to working together and discovering new things. Marie was interested in the work of a French physicist, Henri Becquerel, who discovered X-rays. Marie began her own experiments with uranium rays and discovered that the rays remain constant no matter what condition or form uranium is in. She theorized that the rays came from the element's atomic structure. Marie named the phenomena radioactivity. In 1897, Marie and Pierre had a daughter, Irene. However, the birth of their first child did not slow down their studies. In fact, Pierre put aside his own studies to help Marie with her experimenting with radioactivity. In 1898, the two discovered a new radioactive element that they named polonium. Marie got the name from her native country, Poland. They also found another radioactive material in th e pitchblende, and they named it radium. In 1903, Marie was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in physics. She won this honor along with Pierre and her idol Henri Becquerel for their work on radioactivity. Because of their win, the Curies developed an international reputation for their discoveries, and they used the prize money to continue their research. In 1904, their second daughter, Eve, was born. In 1906, Marie and her two daughters suffered the loss of Pierre after he accidentally stepped in front of a horse-drawn wagon. After his death, Marie took over Pierre's teaching job at the Sorbonne. Once again, Marie made history by being the university's first female professor. In 1911, Marie won her second Nobel Prize, in chemistry, for her discovery of radium and polonium. Marie also became the first scientist to win two Nobel Prizes. When World War 1 started in 1914, Marie focused her time to helping the cause; she improved the use of the portable X-ray machine. After the war, Marie traveled to the United State s to raise funds to buy radium and establish a research institute in Warsaw. Marie's long years of working with radioactive materials took a toll on her health. On July 4, 1934, Marie Curie died at Sancellemoz Sanatorium in Passy, France of aplastic anemia. This was caused by the exposure of radiation. Marie Curie is the most famous scientist of all time and has won numerous honors. In 1995, Marie and her husband Pierre's remains were interred in the Pantheon in Paris (the final resting place of many of France's greatest scientists). Marie Curie became the first

Insurance Analysis in Kenya Essays

Insurance Analysis in Kenya Essays Insurance Analysis in Kenya Essay Insurance Analysis in Kenya Essay Introduction Insurance in Kenya is known to have been in existence for over sixty years now with the first insurance companies believed to have been owned by British insurers during the colonial times. The industry is governed by the Insurance Act and regulated by the Insurance Regulatory Authority. The Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) was created by the Insurance (Amendment) Act of 2006 and came into operation on 1st May 2007. The Authority was established with the mandate of regulating, supervising and developing the insurance industry. Before the establishment of IRA, these functions were performed by the Department of Insurance in the Ministry of Finance. (IRA 2010) As per AKI Insurance Industry Report for the year 2009, there were 44 licensed insurance companies, majority offering non-life insurance business only, nine of them life insurance business while fifteen were composite (both life and non life). There were 137 licensed insurance brokers, 21 medical insurance providers (MIP’s) and 3,076 insurance agents. Other licensed players included 106 investigators, 57 motor assessors, 18 loss adjusters, 2 claims settling agents, 5 risk managers and 26 insurance surveyors. The industry’s contribution to the country’s GDP is still low although there has been notable growth for the last seven years. The gross written premium by the industry was Kshs 64. 47 billion compared to Kshs 55. 19 billion in 2008, representing a growth of 16. 8 %. The gross written premium in non-life insurance was Kshs 43. 11 billion (2008: Kshs 36. 89 billion) while that from life insurance business was Kshs 21. 36 billion (2008: Kshs 18. 30). Non-life insurance premium grew by 16. 8 % while life insurance premium and contributions from deposit administration business grew by 16. %. The combined industry profit after taxation increased by 14. 4% to Kshs. 4. 29 billion compared to Kshs 3. 85 billion in 2008. In 2009 the industry paid Kshs. 20 billion for claims for general insurance business and as benefits to life policy holders. (AKI 2009) Penetration of insurance in the year 2009 was 2. 84% compared to 2. 63% in 2008. Life insurance recorded a penetration ratio o f 0. 94% (2008:0. 87%) while that of non-life insurance was 1. 90% (2008:1. 76%). Only half a million Kenyans, about 1% of the total population are said to have take up life insurance. Up to 80% of Kenyans have no insurance cover due to widespread poverty and a false belief that insurance covers are mainly for the rich. However, based on the recent industry statistics, there is an emerging trend that Kenyans are indeed sensitive to the need for protection against an uncertain risky future. According to Swiss Re (World Insurance Report2009), South Africa is the leading African country in the insurance industry, accounting for 90% of the total volume, followed by Morocco then Egypt. Growth in non life insurance business in Africa was sluggish at 0. 4%. The report pointed out that Africa produced only 1. 4% of the global premium volume in 2009. South Africa’s life insurance premium fell by 16%, premium Growth in Morocco remained flat at 0. 1%, while in Egypt premiums shrank by 5%. There are currently five major players in the insurance industry in Kenya. These include The Co-Operative Insurance Company of Kenya Ltd. (CIC), UAP Financial Services Ltd, APA, Jubil ee Insurance and Resolution Health East Africa. Majority of these insurers operate nationally with a few operating regionally. Some international insurers have entered the Kenyan market through mergers with already existing players. Two of the leading companies were formed through a merger between two existing insurance companies, for instance, APA was formed after a merger between Apollo and Pan-Africa General divisions. Others form partnerships with small insurance companies to cover non-traditional policies like political violence. Solutions need to be developed to address new risks. Insurers have finally recognized the growing needs of the Kenyan people. Agricultural insurance is one of the new policies designed for farmers located in the different parts of the country to shield them from financial loss caused by unfavourable weather conditions. The Cover is provided for livestock, specific crops and poultry losses. Payment of premiums is quick and easy for the farmers, premium payments are done through a specially designed mobile application and in the event of a loss, and farmers are paid through the same method. Medical insurance is divided into three segments, one health cover operated by employers, the second individual cover and the third coverage operated by the government targeting low income earners through the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF). Health insurers have raised concern about clients who view cover value as expensive as opposed to the benefits. That’s why insurers are coming up with affordable schemes. Medical e-cards that users top up, similar to prepaid airtime scratch cards, any member of the family can use the e-card as long it has money. Due to poor health infrastructure in the country, rural hospitals have inadequate facilities and are understaffed, thereby making people to travel to major city for treatment; this has also contributed to the rise in health insurance cost. Many insurers have shied away from HIVAIDs insurance because of the risks involved. Travel cover is currently being offered by only two insurers, one of them has partnered with Kenya’s main airline company to provide a package that covers loss of luggage, flight delays, cancellation, medical emergency and personal liability. The premium cost is based on traveller’s destination and length of stay. Claims are made online or when the client returns from their trip. The cover can be acquired when buying a ticket or through travel agents. Higher learning has become very expensive both for local and overseas universities, forcing parents to borrow heavily from banks to pay university fees. Education policy is definitely necessary for most parents who want their kids to get good education. The industry is definitely on the growth stage and most insurers are strengthening their market share by positioning themselves as affordable insurance providers offering new products for the untapped regions such as younger and older people. Industry analysis PESTE Political Economic Social Technological Political Factors The political violence experienced in 2007 resulted in major losses for businesses and individuals mainly because current insurance companies were not offering cover for such risks. The unrest has made insurers quickly come up policies to cover these risks. Motor insurance is reported to have doubled in the last six months; the government through the Insurance Regulatory Board has increased the premiums in a move to counter fraud and fake claims known to have forced over ten motor insurance companies to shutdown due to losses incurred through claims. Economic Factors High tax imposed on life and health insurance has made policies to be expensive and affordable to a small percentage of the population. The insurance industry is pushing for tax deductible premiums paid on life and health insurance to be tax deductible from chargeable income up to 30 percent of the gross income. Income Tax Act Cap 470, Section 19(5) and (6) Poverty and unemployment are still the biggest challenges facing the industry. With no source of income for many youth and women, the last thing that this demographic prioritize is insurance. This makes it very hard for the growth and development of the insurance companies because of the low number of clients which represents the few employed people who in turn can be able to pay for the insurance policies provided by the insurance companies. This situation is further compounded by the rise of HIV and AIDS which adversely affects the working class that forms a critical target group for insurance services. The rising levels of poverty and high cost of living has reduced disposable income hence relegating insurance matters to the back burner. This is as a result of people first meeting their basic needs first before considering other expenses, which include insurance policies. Perhaps the government can relax some of the strict regulations present for private investors to encourage investment both locally and internationally. This may increase the number of the insurance companies in the country allowing more space for competition thus in the long run lowering the costs of insurance policies to the advantage of the consumers. High inflation rates has increased operation costs , raised the cost of living and therefore, made it difficult for the citizens to be able to afford insurance policies due to the current turbulent economic conditions that has led to an increase in policy prices. Fraud / Corruption largely affect the development of the insurance sector in Kenya. It has undermined the economic development of the country by generating considerable distortions and inefficiency. This makes the companies to constantly perform poorly and thus calls for the introduction of anti money laundering which helps to curb the vice. Social Factors In order to boost penetration of insurance in Kenya, vigorous awareness campaigns should be used to educate people on the importance of insurance. Policy covers should be packaged with the end-user in mind, for example selling agricultural insurance cover to non-farmers is useless. Product development should be flexible to allow the ever changing needs of the dynamic insurance industry. oIncrease in lifestyle diseases – oIlliteracy levels spread Insurance knowledge and risk management to clients looking to reduce losses, advice clients how to manage their finances and how they can help minimize risks oInadequate health facilities Cultural values – harambee culture oDemographic changes oNegative perception on insurance, bad publicity fraud, fake claims Technological Factors Mobile phone use has eased the communication between clients and the insurance companies in the sense that if any of the two parties want to contact the other, it becomes very simple. Increase use of the Internet has enabled customers to access information, submit claims and compare policies from different providers. Environment Climatic changes Emergence of informal settlements. Legal Lengthy legislation process. Corruption and fraud. Lack of structured compensation scheme. Porters 5 Competitive Forces Analysis 1. Rivalry among existing players. The insurance industry is becoming highly competitive. The difference between one insurance company and another is usually not that great. As a result, insurance has become more like a commodity an area in which the insurance company with the low cost structure, greater efficiency and better customer service will beat out competitors. Insurance companies also use higher investment returns and a variety of insurance investment products to try to lure in customers. In the long run, were likely to see more consolidation in the insurance industry. Larger companies prefer to take over or merge with other companies rather than spend the money to market and advertise to people. 2. Threat of New Entrants. Mergers and strategic partnerships are on the rise to introduce products with low premium rates. While the industry leaders have already positioned themselves there are still untapped areas such as the youth and the older generation. Government requires all insurers to maintain a solvency margin of about USD 12,476, or 5 percent of assets in excess of liabilities. This might prevent new players from entering the market because of the high margins required 3. . Availability of Substitutes. Since the existing products in the market are similar, consumers will look for an affordable product to suit their needs. Some policies have many substitutes others have few for instance motor insurance is offered by most of the insurer while health is offered by a selected few. Most large insurance companies offer similar suites of services. Wh ether it is auto, home, commercial, health or life insurance, chances are there are competitors that can offer similar services. In some areas of insurance, however, the availability of substitutes is few and far between. Companies focusing on niche areas usually have a competitive advantage, but this advantage depends entirely on the size of the niche and on whether there are any barriers preventing other firms from entering. 5. Bargaining Power of Buyers. Individuals looking for a good cover obviously have a lower bargaining power compared to corporate customers. 6. Power of Suppliers. Foreign investors are starting to have an interest in this industry. Since insurance is still growing, existing experts in the industry tend to hop from one company to another looking for better pay

Physiological effects of recreational drugs on the human body Essay

Physiological effects of recreational drugs on the human body - Essay Example A fine line exists between recreational and dangerous, illegal drugs and often, these two terms are interchanged. Most of the time, the line drawn in terms of legality, abuse and risk of use involved ("Recreational drug use", 2006). History tells us that drug use has been around for quite a long time now. Caffeine, tobacco and alcohol along with natural drug derivatives such as poppy, marijuana and hemp have been consumed by our ancestors since the time their use has been discovered (Burger, 1995; Burger, n.d.). Modern recreational drugs include ecstasy, cocaine and LSD among others. Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) is one of the most common recreational drugs used in the U.S. and other parts of the world. Marijuana leaves often referred to it's street names "mary jane", "weed", "grass" etc. is usually rolled and smoked in cigarette form (called a "joint" or "nail") or in a pipe (known as a "bong"). The active ingredient in marijuana is THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) which starts a series of pleasurable reactions in the brain referred to as a "high" (National institute on drug abuse, 2004). Smoking a joint usually has no effect on the first use, but its effects are manifested after the second or third use. It affects short term memory but does not hinder physical coordination and there are no reported case yet of overdose ("Pocket guide to recreational drugs", 1995). From 2000 to 2002 marijuana use rose up to 24% in the U.S. alone and is considered to be the 3rd most abused drug reported in hospital emergency cases (National institute on drug abuse, 2004). THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) the active ingredient found in marijuana affects the brain differently than other drugs. It increases the secretion rate of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure. Dopamine in return affects the limbic system, the area of the brain associated with emotion and behaviour control (Young, 1997). THC circulates fast from the lungs to the bloodstream as a joint is smoked (National institute on drug abuse, 2004). As THC passes thru the brain, it connects to specific areas called cannaboid receptors on the neural cells. Not all neural cells have the same amount of cannaboid receptors and often a large amount of these type of receptors are found in brain areas associated with pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and time perception, and coordinated movement (Herkenham et al, 1990; National institute on drug abuse, 2004). Effects of marijuana use on the heart Although none has ever died from marijuana related cardiac failure, persons with arteriosclerosis or propensity to heart failure may develop complications from smoking marijuana. Smoking a joint induces tachycardia (brisk rise in heartbeat) along with increase in heart failure similar to when a person experiences stress. These complications can vary in effect and severity (Young, 1997). Effects of marijuana use on the lungs In 1990, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) reports: "No difference in prevalence of chronic cough, sputum production or wheeze was noted between the marijuana and tobacco smokers (included within their study), nor were additive effects of combined smoking of tobacco and marijuana on the prevalence of acute or chronic

Impact of Teachers on Agriculture Research Paper

Impact of Teachers on Agriculture - Research Paper Example The research will highlight effects of teachers on this discipline (Agbaje, Martin & Williams, 2001). Statement of the Problem It is imperative to have an effective education system, which will ensure improved students’ performance. The effectiveness of an education system derives from the ability of teachers’ to give knowledge to the students. The teachers will have key implications onto agricultural education. Consequently, it is vital to make a research on the implications of teachers in this discipline, which is an integral constituent of the entire education system. Understanding the implications of teachers on agricultural education is fundamental, since it will provide findings which can enable the appropriate authorities improve the education system. Teachers may have huge impact on agricultural education. Therefore, it is critical to understand them so that the authorities can adopt appropriate policy measures, which will ensure improvement in teaching of this discipline (Byrne, 1998). The current performance in this discipline is poor. Hence, it is vital that tutors embrace appropriate teaching strategies, which, in turn, will improve students’ performance. Purpose of the Study   Teachers have the core duty of passing on knowledge to students. Therefore, they are central factor in the students’ learning process. The teaching methods will influence the learning process significantly. Therefore, it would be crucial to understand what teaching strategies can improve students’ performance in agricultural education. Additionally, the research will evaluate not only the teaching strategies, but also their application in inculcating agricultural knowledge. This research will evaluate several aspects on the implications of teachers in this discipline. Therefore, this research will circumnavigate the core roles of the teacher in inculcating agricultural knowledge in students (Croom, 2003). Objectives of the Study This resea rch seeks to accomplish certain objectives, which include; I. Determine the strategies that teachers use in agricultural education II. Determine the impact of such strategies on the students III. Determine whether teachers’ strategies are relevant in agricultural education. IV. Determine whether the teachers have adequate agricultural knowledge to satisfy the students’ knowledge requirements. Research Questions I. What strategies do teachers use in agricultural education? II. What is the impact of teachers’ strategies on students? III. Are teachers’ teaching strategies relevant to agricultural education? IV. Do teachers have adequate agricultural knowledge to satisfy the students’ requirements? Definition of Terms Teaching strategies-The teaching measures that agricultural teachers have embraced in passing knowledge to students. Curriculum - an outline of what students should learn in a certain discipline over a given period. Each subject will norm ally have a curriculum that a teacher should follow. Quality assurance - this term refers to a set of measures that seek to ensure goods or services meet a certain quality threshold. Limitation of the Study The domain of this research will be large since the impacts of teachers on agricultural education will be multifaceted. This means the implications may be educational, psychological, and discipline concerns. Therefore, this

Market share of banglalink

Market share of banglalink 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Origin of the Report This report is the accomplishment of the class assignment program as required for the completion of the PGDBA TERM 2 course at College of Technology London.Project for the program was assigned by the institutions course teacher Carole Still 1.2 Objective of the Report Objective of this report is to give a general idea about the organization, business and operations of Banglalink, a mobile telecommunication company and to explore information about the market position, Marketing strategy and measures to improve the product and services of Banglalink. 1.3 Company Overview in Brief Banglalink was formed in 2005 by the Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH) under the registered name â€Å"Banglalink. Before that it was called Sheba Telecom Ltd. In February 10, 2005 the company changed its name to Banglalink, as a part of global think process. In Bangladesh Banglalink is a very fast growing telecommunication company. The major products and services of the company are listed below: General prepaid Ladis first prepaid Misti Kamala Upper Class Professional SME and SOHO Package Corporate post paid package. The company has customer care center in Dhaka and Chittagong. The corporate Head Office is located at 28, Gulshan, Land View Tower, Gulshan Circle-2, Dhaka. Banglalink is a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH) which is a leading mobile telecommunications company operating in nine emerging markets in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia. Established in 1998, the company has acquired nine operating licenses in this region. With nearly 520 million people and an average mobile telephony penetration of only 5% falling under these licenses, Orascom Telecom has positioned itself as a leading telecommunications conglomerate in the emerging markets of this region. The organization has managed to build an amazing subscriber base of around 15 million in just a short span of six years by the end of 2005. 1.4 Methodology Both primary and secondary sources of information were used for this report. For the organization part secondary sources were the major source, whereas for the project part primary sources of data had used. Primary data were collected through personal interviews to target groups, which include Banglalink employees, distributors and customers. Open ended, close ended, structured questionnaire were used for collecting information at different stages of the report for different groups. For example, interviews with employees for organization part included open‑ended nonstructural questions, but for project part close‑ended structured questions were the majority. However, most of the questions were direct and non‑disguised in nature. Stratified random sampling method was used in the survey. Sample size was 75. Data analysis techniques used for the project part included graphical presentations, frequency distributions, percentage ranking, cross tabulations and normal distributions. Data was analyzed by MS Excel. 1.5 General Limitations Resource Constraints Efforts have been made to accomplish the project according to the objectives. But as the research team consisted of only one member, therefore, it was difficult to cover areas in detail. Moreover, there was constraint of other resources also. Time Limitation The type of study required a detail interview of customers and retailers. Difficulty was faced in getting access to this different group of people. Manpower Limitations This type of work requires extensive fieldwork. Due to lack of adequate manpower it was very difficult to work with large sample. Efforts have been made to accomplish the project in accordance with its objectives. But as the research team it consisted of only one member, therefore, there were difficulties to cover more details. 1.6 Report Preview The report is divided into two different parts. First part of the report is the organization part, which will give a general picture of the organization Banglalink as a whole, including the businesses it does. The other part is the project part, is assigned by the organization to fulfill the requirement of the internship as well as the need of the company. The topic is â€Å"Analysis of Marketing Strategy, Market Share and Future Action Plan of Banglalink. In this regard, four packages namely; Ladis First, Misti Kamala, Upper Class and SOHO-SME were considered. VIEW OF BANGLALINK 2.1 General Information The company aims to make a difference in the lives of the people. Its vision is to â€Å"understand peoples needs best and will create and deliver appropriate communication services to improve peoples life and make it easier†. Their mission is, therefore, to reduce the total cost of ownership of buying and using a mobile phone. Moreover, to achieve this vision, the company has established some values that it tries to instill in its employees. They want their employees, and the company as a result, to be straight forward, reliable, innovative and, above all, passionate. As Sheba Telecom, the worst performing network operator in the industry, the company had only 30,000 subscribers. To dispel this image, OTH had re-branded Sheba as Banglalinkâ„ ¢ in an attempt to give it a completely new image. Finally, they have successfully achieved their goal. With that kind of a reputation at its disposition, the Banglalinkâ„ ¢ management has placed one of the highest priorities on improving its network. In this respect, they have installed state-of-the-art equipment from Siemens and Huawei and brought in over 1,000 people, including experts, from 15 countries around the world to set up the required infrastructure. The system took a record of four months (less than half the normal time) to build. In 2005 alone, Orascom plans to invest $120 million, earmarking close to another $300 million for future investments. 2.2Vision Banglalink understands peoples needs best and will create and deliver appropriate communication services to improve peoples life and make it easier 2.3 Values They have the following four underlying organizational values. Straight Forward Reliable Innovative Passionate 2.4.1Marketing The Marketing team also consists of several teams, which includes PR Communications, VAS, Loyalty Retention and International Roaming. The teams all report to Omer Rashid, the Marketing Director. The Loyalty Retention team is responsible for the designing of the special offers launched from time to time in an attempt either to increase customer base or to increase ARPU. The VAS division is responsible for the continuously adding valuable services to provide a complete solution to existing customers, for example, for making conference calling ring tone/logo downloads possible. These two teams together are in charge of making the customers experience with our network more satisfying. PR Communication is responsible for designing and developing all promotional materials for the marketing of any new product/package and any other activities. They coordinate and work directly with the advertising agency and other vendors. While other companies have an entire department for promotions and branding, at Banglalinkâ„ ¢ this division, consisting of only a handful of people is responsible for this task. Although Banglalinkâ„ ¢ does not have any International Roaming facility now, this team is working on developing the service soon for post-paid subscribers. 2.4.2Human Resources Aside from recruiting and training employees, the HR department is also responsible for disseminating internal communication to all users and in the process of developing compensation packages for its employees, such as medical insurance under the group plan, life insurance and running several activities such as the Vaccination Program for all. Training activities are continuously taking place to develop and hone the skills knowledge of the personnel, such as the English Language MS Project Courses for selected employees and conducting a GSM Orientation session for all employees, especially the Sales, Marketing Customer Care Departments who have to deal with customers. 2.4.3Customer Care Rumana Reza, the only female director in the organization, is the head of the Customer Care department. This too is segmented, consisting of the Customer Care division itself, and then there is Care Line, Credit Management Unit and the Support Services Unit. They are responsible for handling customer queries and providing solutions to any problems faced by the subscribers. While the above departments are all located in the headquarters in Gulshan 2, the Customer Care people are divided between the head office and the Call Center (Star Tower) between Gulshan-1 and Gulshan-2. 2.4.4T Billing The IT Billing department, as is evident from the name, is in charge of all the hardware, software and program requirement of the other departments. They also generate the bills for the company subscribers (post-paid). 2.4.5Administration Apart from the Administration division, the department also consists of the Legal division and the Project Management Office. 2.4.6Finance The finance department is the largest department at the head office with an entire floor devoted to their needs. They consist of the Procurement Cash Management divisions among many others. 2.5 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) Analysis 2.5.1 Strengths Huge capital investment: As mentioned earlier, Orascom Telecom has great plans for Banglalinkâ„ ¢. Wherever OTH has gone, it has become the industry leader there or is on its way there. A possible explanation is that the organization kicks of its companies with a huge capital outlay to help get rid of or solve all the hitches. In 2005 alone, Orascom will invest $180 million, earmarking close to another $300 million for future investments. Expertise: As mentioned earlier, OTH had over 1000 people, including 15 experts, working on the infrastructure to get the company started in a record four months. These experts, with several years of experience in the telecom industry, now help in the day-to-day operation of the business. Tight control over sales process: Many people in the industry do not know the sales process, since its is dealt by their distributors and dealers. However, with the Direct Sales Booth, the people involved know the sales process intimately and are responsible for achieving the sales target and project implementation, thus giving the company a strong control over the process. 2.5.2 Weaknesses Network: The greatest weakness of Banglalinkâ„ ¢ and also the most widely criticized service is its network. While the reception is quite clear when the user is out of doors, once inside, the reception breaks up. The worst part is the company has entered a market where the industry leader has been reigning supreme for years now and people are bound to compare the leaders services with Banglalinks performance, even if it is fairly new to the market. People tend to forget that it had taken the leader more than three years since its start to provide its subscribers with a decent connection; hence it is with Grameens present performance that Banglalinkâ„ ¢ is compared and sure enough the latter does not fare well. Unorganized structure: OTH bought off Sheba (Pvt.) Limited last September and immediately started changing the structure of the loosing concern. They are constantly recruiting people, adding/deleting levels to the organogram. Thus, the environment is constantly chaotic, with many people not knowing who to contact or whom to report to and who is responsible for what. This takes away time and energy away from the selling activities. Inadequate human resources: While many people drop off their CVs at the office on a regular basis, finding sufficient numbers of people, with the correct qualifications, has become hard to find. Hence, a handful of people are doing the work of many leading to back log of work. Bureaucracy: The new management is trying to create a system where each individual is responsible and accountable for his duties. While it is a good idea, it has also created a bottleneck at the administrative financial level, where work gets stuck and stays stuck until all papers are properly signed and taken care of. 2.5.3 Opportunities Re-invent itself: As mentioned earlier, the company created a strong buzz when it entered the market. Previously an unknown entity, many people now know of the existence of Orascom Telecom. They have done their studies and know that OTH stands for success. Thus, the people are ready to see Banglalinkâ„ ¢ as a total different entity from its predecessor and are willing to give it another chance to re-invent its image in the market; not an issue to be taken lightly by the company. 2.5.4 Threats Price wars: While in the true sense it had been Banglalinkâ„ ¢ who started this price war with its M2M package, it has created a series of price cuts that many cannot afford. After eight years of high call charges, Grameen has finally decreased its rates. BTTB has also entered this battle with Teletalk Bangladesh Limited. With free TT incoming and outgoing, this is sure to become popular once it gains access to other operators networks. 3.0 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 3.1 Background of the Study Bangladesh has one of the lowest tele-density and the lowest telephone penetration rates in the world and even in the South Asia. According to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) report, the telecommunication revenue as a percentage of the GDP is also low in Bangladesh compared to the other regional countries. Among the SAARC countries per 100 inhabitants Maldives has the highest tele-density while Bangladesh has the lowest. There are five telephone operators in Bangladesh at the moment. Among them one is Government owned telephone operator: Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB) and the other four are privately owned companies namely Grameen Phone Ltd. Telecom Malaysia International Bangladesh (TMIB) Sheba Telecom Ltd and Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. (PBTL). Banglalink is a subsidiary of Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH) which is a leading mobile telecommunications company operating in nine emerging markets in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia. Established in 1998, the company has acquired nine operating licenses in this region. With nearly 520 million people and an average mobile telephony penetration of only 5% falling under these licenses, Orascom Telecom has positioned itself as a leading telecommunications conglomerate in the emerging markets of this region. The organization has managed to build an amazing subscriber base of around 15 million in just a short span of six years by the end of 2004. The present situation of market share, marketing strategy and action plan of Banglalink is the basis of this study. 3.2 Problem Statement The problem statement of the research is, â€Å"analysis of marketing strategy, market share, future prospect and action plan of banglalink† 3.3 Scope of the Study The research is limited within the some selected product of Banglalink and it is confined in Dhaka city only. There are number of product of existing telecom operators having varied features. This study covered some fast moving products namely; Ladies first, Misti Kamala, Upper Class and SOHO-SME packages of Banglalink. 3.4 Limitations of the Study The area of the research was too scattered to reach conveniently for gathering information within the specified time of the internship. However efforts were made to limit the area of observation through sampling method and experience judgment. Target populations of the research were not enough knowledgeable to understand and explain the required information needed from them. The studies were carried out on four products namely ladies fast, upper class, orange sweated and ipack. The researcher scope was not enough to amalgamate the whole strategy including all products. 3.5 Exploratory Research To formulate research objectives an extensive measure to unearth the real situation was under taken in the form of exploratory research. The secondary data analysis and the pilot survey i.e. the interviews with the company people, dealers, retailers and customers were the major types of exploratory research that were followed to reach the research objectives. This research is based on qualitative method. After formulating the problem statement, a detailed background study was conducted. This background survey helped to determine the specific objectives. 3.5.1 Checklist Keeping the problem statement in view and the preliminary research being an unstructured one, a number of questions in the form of checklist had been formulated. This checklist had been the main tool for asking relevant questions to the primary data sources to formulate the operational definition of the problem statement and precisely find out the area of study. Perception of customers about different operators of Bangladesh and the selected products of Banglalink were found from the checklist. 3.5.2 Exploratory Research Findings From of exploratory research the following points were discovered: Banglalink made a huge splash in the Bangladesh mobile industry on February 12, 2005. Banglalink made the mobile service affordable to the general people at a cost of only Tk 3400, which is the lowest in the market. About 12% of the market share is occcupied by the Banglalink. Presently, Banglalink is selling SIM at a price of Tk. 132 only, which is the lowest in the industry. The Banglalink connections also allow subscribers 125% credit limit where all other counterparts allow only 100%. It means that a client can talk upto 125% of his deposit in case of postpaid connection. 55% of the customers expressed that strength of network is the prime factor for choosing a particualr mobile operators among the existing competitors. About 78% of present customer were satisfied with the service of Banglalink. Higherst stisfaction rate found among the GP subscribers. More than 30% of the total customers willing to switch Banglalink from other mobile operators. About 10% of the customers expressed that there is an assoiation between higher sales and lower call charge of Banglalink. 3.3 Research Objectives After considering all the relevant aspects research objectives are formulated as under: Broad Objective Broad objective of the present study is to have an idea about the marketing strategy of mobile telecommunication industry of Bangladesh to survive in the competitive world, especially in the case of Banglalink. Specific Objectives Specific objectives of the study are as follows: To explore the market share and position of Banglalink in the mobile industry of Bangladesh. To explore the business level marketing strategy of Banglalink. To assess the perception of customers toward the product of services of Banglalink. To explore the strength and weakness of Banglalink in comparison of other mobile operators. To explore the growth potentiality of Banglalink To explore the future action plan of Banglalink to be the market leader in the telecommunication industry. 3.7 Literature Review Review of related literature in any research is a necessity in the sense that it provides an opportunity for reviewing the stock of knowledge and information to the proposed research. These knowledge and information give a guideline in designing the future research problem and validating the new findings. With this end in view, literature and research works in line with the present study, were searched in the relevant libraries, research institutes, offices and websites (internet). attractive packages to the customers. A significant change has been taken place in the mobile telecommunication sector after launching the Banglalink in the industry. At this moment, all operators are trying to keep their products at the top position. Present study will help to identify the strategic competitiveness and pitfalls of Banglalink and to find out the new horizon to be the market leader in the industry. 4.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSALS 4.2 Recommendations It was found that few operators in the market are trying to meet the growing demand of the city dwellers need for communication. For the high demand of the mobile phone there are many unmeet demand are waiting to acquire. Banglalink has to run to meet those demand of customers by providing the product and services at a affordable and minimal price. People are gradually becoming informed about the value of information and understand the fact that timely access to the right information slants the balance of market information in their favor. Governments of developing countries in general and Bangladesh in particular, have to address this issue of increased basic telecommunication connectivity to keep its population in the fast track of economy. Finally researcher has suggested (Proposed) few points to make telecommunication industry healthy: It is better to Promote competition and investment by private firms. The company has to ensure access to advanced services in rural and high-cost areas. It has to ensure access to advanced services for schools and libraries also. Provide and promote education of what telecommunications and information services can do and how to use them. Banglalink has a threat of price war from its competitors. In fact, mobile telecommunication industry has tremendous competition. All operators are coming up with different attractive products and services. So, it has to consider the following point to be a market leader in future: Strengthening the network system. Expand the coverage as soon as possible. Launch less product rather than multiple products at tie. Add value to particular product. Reduce the call charge. Tariff should be user-friendly and comprehensive. Billing system should be improved. Improve the standard of advertisement. Advertisement should be more appealing. Spend money wisely to minimize the cost which leads to maximize the profit. 4.3 Conclusion With respect to the identification of the market position of Banglalink from the above study it can conclude that Banglalink possesses about 12% of the market share in the telecommunication industry. It was found from the study that 37% GP subscribers want to change because of call charge, 24% GP subscribers want to change for TT connection, 13% GP subscribers want to change for product features. 37% Aktel subscribers reason to change is network coverage, 26% respondents change for call charge, 21% respondents change for product features and rest respondents changes for TT, billing system etc. A large number of CityCell subscribers like 61% subscribers want to change for network coverage, 22% CityCell subscribers change for call charge, rest for other reasons. 71% Banglalink subscribers reason to change is network coverage, 8% Banglalink subscribers change for call charges Bibliography Books: Malhotra, Naresh K. Marketing Reseach, 5th Edition, Prentice-hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2000 Kotler PhilipChase, Marketing Management, Millennium Edition, Prentice-hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, 2000 Lesikar, Ramond V. Flatley, Marie E. Basic Business Communication: Skills for Empowering the Internet Generation, 10th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin, 2006-2007. Fred R. David. â€Å"Strategic Management†, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall of India (PHI) Internet Resources: www.banglalink.com